The effects of rape on victims

The cause of screw up on dupesIrina Anderson explores the veritable break cognizance of both virile and womanly person botch and whether the respondents sex affects this perception in a journal word called What is a typical infract? Effects of victims and participants gender in pistillate and mannish perception which was published in The British Journal of affable Psychology. This article as well as probes the cultural lag supposition of potent appall. The findings in this study demonstrate that, contrary to predictions made at the start of the article, when asked to run a typical rape, manly and female, it was the quaint rape sort that was the familiar right smart more or less used to describe this. It was also shown that instead of lag behind female rape according to the stranger-acquaintance dimension, male rape was conceptualized in harm of other occurrenceor, for precedent sexual orientation, which were often deemed discriminatory. I put in this journal article interesting and accessible to read. After reading the theory proposed at the beginning of the article, I was intrigued to see that some of the predictions were in fact proved false at the end of the article, for example it was predicted that when asked to describe a typical rape participants would describe an acquaintance rape where as in precedent years the stranger rape stereotype was the way most described a typical rape. However the results of this study show that in fact the stranger rape stereotype is still the predominant way people imagine a typical rape. This led me to gesture how overmuch rape perception has actually changed in our society. I also instal that both the aims and findings of the research were clear, accurate and relevant they were clearly laid show up and overall I found the article effortless to read. In appendage the acknowledgment of the limitation to the research enhanced the article.The article begins by boastful a brief summar y of previous studies and research which has been carried come to the fore(p) to investigate the like research topic. The approximations of acquaintance rape, where the victim is raped by soulfulness known to them e.g. boyfriend, date, relative, friend, and stranger rape stereotype, where the victim is raped by somebody unknown to them, are introduced and the ideas surrounding them are discussed. For example acquaintance rape is usually pass judgment to happen indoors and the victim having spent term with the culprit prior to the rape. In contrast stranger rape is expected to happen surfacedoors, usually at night where the victim is grabbed, overpowered and raped. Date rape s also briefly discussed and used to support predictions that rape perceptions has changed advantageously in the last few years due to increased media reporting of the topic. The issue of male rape is then raised and questions are raised such as are men raped in the same circumstances as women? It is described as more frequent phenomenon than antecedently viewd. The ignorance and disbelief surrounding male rape creates myths and misconceptions in society for example Most men who are raped are homosexuals. This makes some researchers believe that male rape perception is lagging behind that of female rape, that is current male rape perception is at the stage female rape perception was at years ago in terms of the knowledge people project of it. I believe the author has succeeded in successfully introducing the research topic and conveying the chief(prenominal) aims of the research. The atomic number 53 manageable disgrace I have for the introduction is that the author does not discuss why she thumbs the topic of research is big and why she decided to carry out the study. I believe this would enhance the article even more for the reader.In the method component of this article Anderson explains in elaborate how the study was carried out. She describes how one hundred an d nineteen undergraduate students were asked to take part she also lists their gender and ethnicity. The participants were asked to describe what they believe to be a typical rape. Both male and female were taked. The gender of the participant and the gender of the victim were the independent variables. Participants were delegate randomly so that women could be assigned to either a female rape or a male rape. Similarly men could be assigned to either female rape or male rape. They were asked to include details that led to the incident, details of the incident itself and details following the rape. Characteristics of the victims and the perpetrator including feelings and thoughts were also asked for. Anderson then moves on to describe how these accounts of typical rapes given by participants were analyzed. She describes the coding manuals given to coders who must sort the participants textual matter into text which stick around to characteristics of the stranger rape stereotype an d those which describe an acquaintance rape. This is the most important section of the article any deficiencies would undermine the validity of the results. The only wish I could locate in this section was the fact that all the participants were university students as yet the author recognizes this as a limitation at the conclusion of the article. planetary I found this section of the article to give a real comprehensive account of how the study was carried out. It covers all aspects that are important to the aims of the article.In my opinion the results section of this article is excellent. The findings are clearly laid out for the reader. Headings help divide the finding into variant sections for example testing possibleness 1 and frequency of category use in female rape. These headings also help list the results in terms of the original research question and predictions given at the beginning of the article. Tables are also used which exposit different types of categories of description used by participants and the number of female and male who used these categories. Direct quotations are also inserted to give the reader brainwave into the types of descriptions participants gave which I found very interesting e.g. due to the physical barrier of male rape the perpetrator would typically be larger and stronger than the victim. The author acknowledges the results do not match the predictions made at the beginning and explains the possible priming coats for this by stating perhaps researchers presumption that societies rape perception has evolved is in fact false and perhaps our perceptions have not progressed as much as it was thought. The cultural lag theory of male rape was only part supported by the findings. Although female rape was described more in terms of acquaintance rape than male rape, the other aspect of the theory, that male rape would be described in terms of stranger rape stereotype more than female rape, was not supported. In fact m any other factors played a part in the description of male rape such as penetration, the rapists strength and power over the victim and the victims shame and humiliation. Thus proving that female and male rapes are conceptualized along different continuums. The results overall highlight the importance of periodically examining rape perception and the effects of gender.The discussion section addresses the main findings of the article and any new discipline gained which can be added onto previous study discovered in previous research. Anderson discusses the reasons behind the participants which described a typical rape in terms of the stranger rape stereotype. It is here blame attributions are discussed. Anderson notes it is a orifice that participant didnt write more about acquaintance rape as they assumed the victim would therefore be more blameworthy. This is strengthened by the fact that women, when describing a female rape, used the stranger rape theory more than men and simil arly men, when describing a male rape, used the stranger rape stereotype more than women. This perhaps proves that when writing about a victim of their own gender they preferred the stranger rape stereotype as they believed it would steer the blame away from the victim.In my opinion this article contains all the key elements of a good journal article. From the beginning the author explains clearly the key arguments and main points of the text. She also includes relevant background information and makes concrete predictions. The method and results of the study are clearly laid out and are easy to follow. Another aspect covered in the text is the acknowledgment of its limitations. Any good journal article is aware of the limitations of the findings and in this article they are clear. The way in which male rape is discussed is kind of interesting as it not a subject many articles discuss. The idea of the lag theory was also remarkable, that the situation of male rape perception in soc iety today was that of female rape years ago. to a fault the fact that males themselves described male rape in a homophobic and mocking tone intrigued me. For example, one of the two bufties edge towards the lone man. bingle of the very few limitations in this text is that all the participants were students from one university, a population which may be more aware of rape than the general population. It is noted that a study of the perceptions of rape held by police, medical personnel office and juries may enhance findings in the future. Another fault I have with this article is that I believe the author should go into more detail on why she thinks this research is important and why she decided to deliver this study. In addition, while reading the findings of this research it struck me that another reason the majority of participants chose a scenario which adheres to the stranger rape stereotype is they may feel under stress to give certain answer or they may try to please the r esearchers by giving the answer they believe the researchers desire.In conclusion, I found this article to be comprehensive, relevant and interesting. All main ideas are clearly stated and concrete predictions are made from the start. The results examine the effects of gender in rape conceptualization and the importance of examining male rape alongside female rape to gain further incursion into the differences in gender perception. A broader source of participants is acknowledged as a future improvement that could be made to studies such as these. The results section of the paper is, to me, the most impressive section. The findings are examined in a cryptic manner, taking particular notice of the reasons the results contradict the predictions made at the start. general I think this is an excellent example of a psychological journal article, it adheres to all the guidelines which helps make a journal article impressive and overall I found it hard to fault