'Upland environments are too fragile for intensive leisure use\r'

'When ge farming at mountainous milieus I go a panache bring to define what is an upland milieu. The difficulty which I put up was that it was actually hard to define what an upland environment is whence I questioned four geography t individuallyers of what they intellection was an upland environment. They replied that an upland environment is an environment, which is above two hundred meteres, and these can include field of study send out and volume resorts. Intensive leisure use is an field of force where a lot of leisure activities atomic digit 18 victorious mooring by sidereal day-trippers.\r\nFragile is a word which describes an argona where a lot of activities ar taking office staff save they having a bad put in on the environment thusly making it unsustainable or that environment is easily destroyed by the activities which argon taking place e. g. leisure activities. Leisure activities on study lay both select a substantiative set up and a nega tive effect. An example of a positive effect maybe its trusty for a person health and a negative effect could be destruction of footpaths but what should be make is that upland environments make to be do much sustainable on that pointfore they wont be fragile for intense leisure use.\r\nIn this essay I pull up stakes be facial expression at discipline parks and mountain resorts in MEDCS and non in LEDCS, as national parks in these countries need to a greater extent protection from tourists rather than one-day trippers. too only upper crust large number in these countries can afford to construe national parks and rest of population ar far to poor to afford the transport and numerous ar likewise busy working in order to cast off a brio of whatever kind. The motorways and railway networks are not as good in LEDCS as they are in MEDCS. When I am looking at MEDCS national parks and mountain resorts.\r\nI will be looking at the refers that leisure activities suppo rt had on upland environments. I will look both at the positive and negative cause of leisure activities and look at ways in which it could be to a greater extent sustainable. Finally I will give result whether or not upland environments are too fragile for intense leisure use. The first area, which I will be looking at, is a national park in the UK. The national park, which will be looking at, is the poll districts and a village called Castleton. Castleton is a honey pot during the months of April- August it receives up to 900 visitors on Sundays.\r\nAlready you can see the problems that are passing to occur. The visitor numbers are so proud on Sundays because many population have a day off work on Sundays and the motorways M1 and M62 are very tightfitting which makes it easier for people to travel to peak districts and nowadays nearly everyone can afford a car to travel unlike LEDCS where many people cannot afford the transport and do have in in high spirits spirits disp osable in come after. The cities of Sheffield (493582) and Manchester (438202) are also very close so many of the one day visitors could come from in that respect. This is an other(a) reason for the high number of visitors.\r\nThe months amongst April and August is that weather conditions are likely to be good for leisure activities to go through place in that respectfore much visits are likely to occur set pressure on the environment. To make it more(prenominal)(prenominal) sustainable they need to make the winter months more pleasant and appealing at that placefore this would even out the number of visitors and less(prenominal) pressure on the environment and less leisure activities wouldnt only be taking distinguish in the spring and pass months. The leisure activities, which add place in the peak district national park, are as fol low gears sightseeing, hiking, riding, cycling, climbing, caving, hang gliding and canoeing.\r\nThe impact that hiking and site seeing h ave is that they destroy the footpaths and therefore footpath erosion takes place and heather and other plants are destroyed and litter may be thr aver anywhere. What needs to happen is that people need to be aware of these factors like in Malham there are no bins and people have to take the rubbish away themselves. Climbing and caving have another(prenominal) impact as white powder is left over(p) on the rocks which climbers use in order to have a better grip. This can erode rocks and the meat hooks left behind can crack the rocks.\r\n touch gliding is another leisure bodily process which affects the environment as it takes along run up and this activity doesnt fit the environment it cause visual pollution. The cooperate country, which I am going to look at, is the Banff subject area Park in Canada and in a state called Alberta. Over 75% of the visitors are Albertianins and the access is make easy by road, railway, buses and plane services to this area. In addition people now have their own cars than they did about 75 years ago this may have resulted in more one day trippers coming to the area.\r\nThe popular times of the year are the summer months particularly August and September this is identical to the Peak Districts. There are restrictions placed on all visitors as they are charged fees to get to the park in addition there are camping rent fee and a permit fee for fishing unlike the peak Districts as there are no fees for doing these activities. Furthermore there are very dangerous animals much(prenominal) as accommodates and cougars that could attack the visitors therefore visitors need to be better about these animals when they are sight seeing. These restrictions do not exist in the peak districts.\r\nThe leisure activities taking in the Banff discipline Park are very similar to those of the peak Districts. The leisure activities taking place as follows locomoteing, snow boarding, other winter sports, sightseeing, hiking, canoeing and ca mping. move does make the environment more fragile as deforestation has occurred in order to make way for ski runs. This results in habitats being destroyed and more avalanches are going to occur as there are no trees stop them. This could result in more deaths but could benefit them scotchly as more people are going to dangle gold on skiing.\r\nIt will depend on the cost benefit. In order to make more sustainable less trees need to be break up down and winter sports have the same effect as skiing. Hiking and sight seeing may also destroy the footpaths in the park like in the Peak Districts in addition it could disturb the monstrous animals and plants may be trampled over. Camping may become to litter thrown everywhere on the divulge and this can affect the environment by bear coming getting into the litter either by chewing on coke can or eating ploy thereforee wrapper for sandwiches in addition a fire could occur which result in the destruction of the whole park.\r\nThis h as happened in national parks in the US again destroying habitats for animals and beautiful scenery. The third region I am going to look at is the Mountain resort in north-western region of Italy. It is an alpine region. This region receives a lot of visitors and the main attractions are the skiing resorts. Skinning has brought positive effects to the area and people now have better jobs that are paid more than farming and forestry. Also the standard of living has improved for the local people.\r\nRoads, water supplies and sewerage have been improved. The problems that are occurring in this area, is that due to a high demand for skiing more enlarged ski runs are being built but this agency that deforestation has occurred at the mountain slopes and furthermore there is an increase in the number of winter sports which has resulted in mountain top soil being gnaw away and alpine vegetation has been reduced. All of these actions have resulted in more avalanches as trees have been ab solved to make way for the new ski runs.\r\nAlso the danger flooding has substantially increased during the summer thunderstorms or following snow melt in spring. There are other climatic problems such as some winters the snowfall is light, late in arriving and not lying long at low altitudes which has resulted skiing at higher levels were the environment is more fragile. I will conclude that having looked at each of the different regions for upland environments I have give tongue to that upland environments are too fragile for intensive leisure use unless they are made sustainable.\r\nCastleton in the Peak Districts needs reduce the number of visitors in the summer either by adding fees. The roads and the vehicles cannot argue with the amount of vehicles in the summer months although efforts have been made to attract visitors to the during the winter months by adding lights furthermore there needs to be a reduction in the number golf courses. At the moment capital is brought to the area by these leisure activities but formerly the environment is destroyed no one will come to the Peak District therefore the efficient benefits will depart.\r\nThis also goes for Courmayeur as the skiing has brought stinting benefits to the area as less people are leaving but once the environments destroyed hence the visitors will not come therefore economical benefits will go. People can make National Parks and mountain resorts sustainable now or if they do not make them sustainable then for the future they will be destroyed by the leisure activities taking place and their knock effects in addition to this economic benefits will disappear as well.\r\nEvaluation\r\nThe research, which I have carried out, is vicarious research and Primary research could have occurred but I did no have the time and money to go and visit the Banff National Park or Courmayeur. This major downside of this report as the data collected for primary would have been more accurate and up-to-date.\r \n'